Understanding OCD
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors (compulsions). These obsessions and compulsions interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress. You may try to ignore or stop your obsessions, but that only increases your distress and anxiety. Ultimately, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts to try to ease your stress.
Medical disclaimer: This information is for education only. It follows general clinical consensus and is not a substitute for personal medical advice. Please consult a qualified psychiatrist for diagnosis and treatment.
Common symptoms
Symptoms vary in severity and presentation. Diagnosis is made only when they significantly affect daily life over time.
- Obsessions: Persistent, unwanted thoughts, urges, or images (e.g., fear of contamination).
- Obsessions: Intense distress when things aren't orderly or facing a certain way.
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors you feel driven to perform (e.g., excessive washing or cleaning).
- Compulsions: Checking repeatedly (e.g., checking doors to ensure they're locked).
- Compulsions: Counting in certain patterns or silently repeating words.
Possible causes
Mental health conditions rarely have a single cause — they arise from a mix of biological, psychological and social factors.
- Biology: Changes in the body's natural chemistry or brain functions.
- Genetics: A genetic component is likely, though specific genes have not yet been definitively identified.
- Learning: Obsessive fears and compulsive behaviors can be learned from observing family members or learned over time.
Risk factors
Certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing this condition:
- Family history: Parents or other family members with the disorder.
- Stressful life events: Traumatic or highly stressful events may trigger OCD.
- Other mental health disorders: OCD may be related to other disorders like anxiety, depression, or substance abuse.
How it is evaluated
Evaluation includes a psychological evaluation to discuss your thoughts, feelings, symptoms, and behavior patterns. A doctor will check if you meet the diagnostic criteria for OCD, ruling out other conditions.
When to seek help
There's a difference between being a perfectionist and having OCD. If your obsessions and compulsions are affecting your quality of life, taking up more than an hour a day, or causing significant distress, see a mental health professional.
Evidence-based treatments
Treatment is highly individualised. A combination of therapy, medication and lifestyle support is usually most effective.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a specific type of CBT, is the most effective therapy for OCD. It involves gradual exposure to a feared object or obsession and teaching you healthy ways to cope with the anxiety without performing compulsions.
Medication
Certain psychiatric medications, primarily specific types of antidepressants (SSRIs), can help control the obsessions and compulsions of OCD.